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This article shows you how to set up a class that focuses on forensics side of ethical hacking. Penetration testing, a practice used by the ethical hacking community, occurs when someone attempts to gain access to the system or network to demonstrate vulnerabilities that a malicious attacker may exploit.

In an ethical hacking class, students can learn modern techniques for defending against vulnerabilities. Each student gets a Windows Server host virtual machine that has two nested virtual machines – one virtual machine with Metasploitable3 image and another machine with Kali Linux image. The Metasploitable virtual machine is used for exploiting purposes and Kali virtual machine provides access to the tools needed to execute forensic tasks.

This article has two main sections. The first section covers how to create the classroom lab. The second section covers how to create the template machine with nested virtualization enabled and with the tools and images needed. In this case, a Metasploitable image and a Kali Linux image on a machine that has Hyper-V enabled to host the images.

Lab configuration

To set up this lab, you need an Azure subscription to get started. If you don't have an Azure subscription, create a free account before you begin. Once you get an Azure subscription, you can either create a new lab account in Azure Lab Services or use an existing account. See the following tutorial for creating a new lab account: Tutorial to setup a lab account.

Follow this tutorial to create a new lab and then apply the following settings:

Virtual machine sizeImage
Medium (Nested Virtualization)Windows Server 2019 Datacenter

Ethical Hacking Virtual Lab Download

Template machine

After the template machine is created, start the machine and connect to it to complete the following three major tasks.

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  1. Set up the machine for nested virtualization. It enables all the appropriate windows features, like Hyper-V, and sets up the networking for the Hyper-V images to be able to communicate with each other and the internet.
  2. Set up the Kali Linux image. Kali is a Linux distribution that includes tools for penetration testing and security auditing.
  3. Set up the Metasploitable image. For this example, the Metasploitable3 image will be used. This image is created to purposely have security vulnerabilities.

The rest of this article will cover the manual steps to completing the tasks above. Alternatively, you can run the Lab Services Hyper-V Scripts and Lab Services Ethical Hacking Scripts.

Prepare template machine for nested virtualization

Follow instructions to enable nested virtualization to prepare your template virtual machine for nested virtualization.

Set up a nested virtual machine with Kali Linux Image

Lab

Kali is a Linux distribution that includes tools for penetration testing and security auditing.

  1. Download image from Offensive Security Kali Linux VM images. Remember the default username and password noted on the download page.
    1. Download the Kali Linux VMware 64-Bit (7z) image for VMware.
    2. Extract the .7z file. If you don’t already have 7 zip, download it from https://www.7-zip.org/download.html. Remember the location of the extracted folder as you'll need it later.
  2. Convert the extracted vmdk file to a vhdx file so that you can use the vhdx file with Hyper-V. There are several tools available to convert VMware images to Hyper-V images. We'll be using the StarWind V2V Converter. To download, see StarWind V2V Converter download page.
    1. Start StarWind V2V Converter.
    2. On the Select location of image to convert page, choose Local file. Select Next.
    3. On the Source image page, navigate to and select the Kali Linux vmdk file extracted in the previous step for the File name setting. The file will be in the format Kali-Linux-{version}-vmware-amd64.vmdk. Select Next.
    4. On the Select location of destination image, choose Local file. Select Next.
    5. On the Select destination image format page, choose VHD/VHDX. Select Next.
    6. On the Select option for VHD/VHDX image format page, choose VHDX growable image. Select Next.
    7. On the Select destination file name page, accept the default file name. Select Convert.
    8. On the Converting page, wait for the image to be converted. This may take several minutes. Select Finish when the conversion is completed.
  3. Create a new Hyper-V virtual machine.
    1. Open Hyper-V Manager.
    2. Choose Action -> New -> Virtual Machine.
    3. On the Before You Begin page of the New Virtual Machine Wizard, select Next.
    4. On the Specify Name and Location page, enter Kali-Linux for the name, and select Next.
    5. On the Specify Generation page, accept the defaults, and select Next.
    6. On the Assign Memory page, enter 2048 MB for the startup memory, and select Next.
    7. On the Configure Networking page, leave the connection as Not Connected. You'll set up the network adapter later.
    8. On the Connect Virtual Hard Disk page, select Use an existing virtual hard disk. Browse to the location for the Kali-Linux-{version}-vmware-amd64.vmdk file created in the previous step, and select Next.
    9. On the Completing the New Virtual Machine Wizard page, and select Finish.
    10. Once the virtual machine is created, select it in the Hyper-V Manager. Don't turn on the machine yet.
    11. Choose Action -> Settings.
    12. On the Settings for Kali-Linux dialog for, select Add Hardware.
    13. Select Legacy Network Adapter, and select Add.
    14. On the Legacy Network Adapter page, select LabServicesSwitch for the Virtual Switch setting, and select OK. LabServicesSwitch was created when preparing the template machine for Hyper-V in the Prepare Template for Nested Virtualization section.
    15. The Kali-Linux image is now ready for use. From Hyper-V Manager, choose Action -> Start, then choose Action -> Connect to connect to the virtual machine. The default username is kali and the password is kali.

Set up a nested VM with Metasploitable Image

The Rapid7 Metasploitable image is an image purposely configured with security vulnerabilities. You'll use this image to test and find issues. The following instructions show you how to use a pre-created Metasploitable image. However, if a newer version of the Metasploitable image is needed, see https://github.com/rapid7/metasploitable3.

  1. Download the Metasploitable image.
    1. Navigate to https://information.rapid7.com/download-metasploitable-2017.html. Fill out the form to download the image and select the Submit button.
    2. Select the Download Metasploitable Now button.
    3. When the zip file is downloaded, extract the zip file, and remember the location of the Metasploitable.vmdk file.
  2. Convert the extracted vmdk file to a vhdx file so that you can use the vhdx file with Hyper-V. There are several tools available to convert VMware images to Hyper-V images. We'll be using the StarWind V2V Converter again. To download, see StarWind V2V Converter download page.
    1. Start StarWind V2V Converter.
    2. On the Select location of image to convert page, choose Local file. Select Next.
    3. On the Source image page, navigate to and select the Metasploitable.vmdk extracted in the previous step for the File name setting. Select Next.
    4. On the Select location of destination image, choose Local file. Select Next.
    5. On the Select destination image format page, choose VHD/VHDX. Select Next.
    6. On the Select option for VHD/VHDX image format page, choose VHDX growable image. Select Next.
    7. On the Select destination file name page, accept the default file name. Select Convert.
    8. On the Converting page, wait for the image to be converted. This may take several minutes. Select Finish when the conversion is completed.
  3. Create a new Hyper-V virtual machine.

    1. Open Hyper-V Manager.

    2. Choose Action -> New -> Virtual Machine.

    3. On the Before You Begin page of the New Virtual Machine Wizard, select Next.

    4. On the Specify Name and Location page, enter Metasploitable for the name, and select Next.

    5. On the Specify Generation page, accept the defaults, and select Next.

    6. On the Assign Memory page, enter 512 MB for the startup memory, and select Next.

    7. On the Configure Networking page, leave the connection as Not Connected. You'll set up the network adapter later.

    8. On the Connect Virtual Hard Disk page, select Use an existing virtual hard disk. Browse to the location for the metasploitable.vhdx file created in the previous step, and select Next.

    9. On the Completing the New Virtual Machine Wizard page, and select Finish.

    10. Once the virtual machine is created, select it in the Hyper-V Manager. Don't turn on the machine yet.

    11. Choose Action -> Settings.

    12. On the Settings for Metasploitable dialog for, select Add Hardware.

    13. Select Legacy Network Adapter, and select Add.

    14. On the Legacy Network Adapter page, select LabServicesSwitch for the Virtual Switch setting, and select OK. LabServicesSwitch was created when preparing the template machine for Hyper-V in the Prepare Template for Nested Virtualization section.

    15. The Metasploitable image is now ready for use. From Hyper-V Manager, choose Action -> Start, then choose Action -> Connect to connect to the virtual machine. The default username is msfadmin and the password is msfadmin.

The template is now updated and has images needed for an ethical hacking penetration testing class, an image with tools to do the penetration testing and another image with security vulnerabilities to discover. The template image can now be published to the class. Select the Publish button on template page to publish the template to the lab.

Hacking

Cost

If you would like to estimate the cost of this lab, you can use the following example:

For a class of 25 students with 20 hours of scheduled class time and 10 hours of quota for homework or assignments, the price for the lab would be:

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25 students * (20 + 10) hours * 55 Lab Units * 0.01 USD per hour = 412.50 USD

Important

Cost estimate is for example purposes only. For current details on pricing, see Azure Lab Services Pricing.

Conclusion

This article walked you through the steps to create a lab for ethical hacking class. It includes steps to set up nested virtualization for creating two virtual machines inside the host virtual machine for penetrating testing.

Next steps

Next steps are common to setting up any lab:

  • Email registration links to students.